Turbine.



C. W. WELLMAN.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED Amm, 1909.

yy l atente Nov. 15, 1910.

UNTED PA'ZENT FiFltiCE@ CALVIN W. WELLMAN, OF SOUTH BOARDMAN, MICHIGAN,ASSIGNOR T0 HATTIE .'M.

' WELLMAN, OF OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN.

TURBINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CALviN W. l/VELLMAN,

a citizen ofthe United States, and a resident of South Boardman, in thecounty of Kal- `kaska and State of Michigan, have invented a certain newand useful Turbine; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to theligures of reference marked thereon, which form a. part of' thisspecification.

My invention relates to rotary motors or engines of the class adapted tobe operated by steam, gases, water or other fluid under pressure.

The primary object of my invention is to provide a moto or engine ofthis class of such construction as to be thoroughly practical, of highefficiency and economy in the use of steam or other operating fluid,cheap of manufacture, and capable of being easily and quickly puttogetherin building and readily added to for the purpose of enlargingits capacity and horsepower efficiency, and which will require lessfluid for operating it per horsepower and be capable of a greater numberof revolutions per minute with perfect safety than is possible' with themotors now in use.

Further objects of my invention as well as the operation, constructionand arrangement of the parts thereotl are fully described in thefollowing specification, and while in its broader aspect it is capableof' being embodiedin numerous forms, two forms of the saine areillustrated in the accompanying` drawings, in which,-

Figure 1 is a side elevation ot' my turbine with portions in section onthe line ai cc in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-section on the liney y in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a portion of a slightlymodified form of the turbine with portions of the saine broken away andpart of the. blades removed. Fig. 4 is a central vertical cross-sectionof the same. F ig. 5 is an enlarged section of a portion of the rotor ofsuch form. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of one of the blades used,`

in Figs. 1 and 2, and Eig. 7 is a simi'larview of one of the blades usedin Figs. 3, al and 5.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 6 of the drawings, l designates the turbineshaft, which is -gether by screws 15 or the like.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Nov, 15, 191ML Application'mea April a, 1909.

Serial No. 487,491.

journaled in suitably packed bearings 2, Q, provided centrally of thesides 3, 3 of the casing and has the usual rotor keyed thereto.

Secured between Irhe rim portions of the two sides 3, 3, is aimg 4,which surrounds the rotor and is annularlyy cored, except at the' bottomthereof where the exliaust'ports 5 are located, to provide a st'canrorfluid chest 6, or as many of the saineas is desired, substantiallyaround the rotor. A. steam head 7, having communication with a source ofsupply, is secured to the top of' the ring i and has feed ports 8opening into the annular chest or chests 6 thereof'.

9 designates a pedestal support for the casing and has the exhaust'passage 10 therethrtigh in communication with the ports 5 of the ringil. The sides 3 and peripheral ring 4 of the casing are securely boundt0- gether by bolts 11 or in any othersuitable manner.

The rotor may comprise any number of like blade-carrying parte or rotorsections, depending upon (he power desired, each of which is made up oftwo disks 12, 12, the major portions oi which are laterally spaced toform annular chambers 13 theri-abetween, due to their abutting` hub endsbeing extended, as at 111-, said disks being secured to- The disks 13have their rim portions provided with thennnular inwardly projectingflanges 16, which are broadened and shown in the present' instance ashaving their inner faces annularly grooved. as at 17, to form seats forthe interposed blades 1S.

'iho blades 18,131 the construction of which a very iin'iorta'ut:feature of my invention resides, are preferably stamped from sheetmetal, with one en d itrucl up substantially at right angles to the bodythereof to provide a steam iinpinging hook or lip 19, and its sidesprovided with wings 20, whichnre bent at right angles to the blade bodyin the saine direction as the hook 1S) and project a suitable distancefrom the sides of the blade, due to the thicki'iess of the metal, toseat within [he grooves 17 of the disk flanges 1G. rl`he wings Q0"alsoserve to space the successive blades from each other, being of suitablelength Jfor such purpose, and coinbine lo cinnpletely fill the grooves1T so that the blades are rigidly held thereby against relative lateralmovements.

1n positioning the blades in the grooves 17 they are placed with theirbody portions disposed diagonally of the grooves, the corners of thewings 20 being clipped, as at 21, for such purpose, and with the hooks19 thereof disposed outwardly and in the. saine direction relative tothe rotor periphery. The hooks 19 being disposed substantially atright-angles to the blade bodies and such bodies lying diagonally ot thegrooves 1T prevents any of the actuating steam or tluid, which isdirected thereto at substantially a tangent to the rotor, from escapingoutwardly, but causes it to take an inwardly disposed backward coursebetween the 4blades and into the annular chamber 13 of the rotor. Thelips or hooks 20 are tapered to a knife edge to assist in cutting anddirect-ing a-ll of the steam impinging thereagainst inwardly. Should thelips 19 be bent outward slightly' from the form shown so as to permit aportion of the actuating fluid to slide oli such lips and escapeoutwardly it is found that the elliciency of the motor would be verymuch lessened and that it is lazy in starting.

22 designa-te the steam nozzles or jets which are tapped through thering or rings 4, if a plurality be used, at substantially av tangent tothe rotor periphery and have their discharge endsundercut, as shown, toprovide an overhanging lip whereby a plurality of blades are exposed tothe nozzle orifice at one time and the steam is pre- ,vented fromescaping except through the spaces between the blades and into thecentral annular chamber 13 of the rotor. The nozzles have heir outerends closed by plugs 23 and receive ,steam from the chests G throughperforations Ql in the walls of the nozzles.

In order for the steam which enters the chamber 13 in the rotor to findan exit therefrom it is necessary for it to pass outwardly through thespaces between the blades and the apertures 25 provided in the diskflanges 16 and into t-he annular space 2G surrounding the rotor withinthe casing, from whence it exhausts through the exhaust ports 5 andpassage 10 at the bottom of the casing. It is found that the etliciencyof the motor is consideral'lly increased by causing the exhaust steam totake this course instead of having an axial exhaust from the rotor andhousing. y

For the purpose of enlarging or decreasing the size of the motor tochange its ca pacity the ring 4 composed-of sections, each of which issubstantially equal in width to the width of a rotor section and has itsedges interlocking with the contiguous sections or with a section andedge of a side 3,

- as shown at 27, or in any other suitable manner. 'lhe rotor sectionsare also adapted to be placed side by side on the shaft. It 1s thusapparent that to enlarge the capacity of the motor it. is only necessaryto remove one of the 4sides 3 and place the desired shaft in abuttingposition and then to build out the casing by adding a number of ringsections thereto corresponding to the rotor sections added, after whichthe removed side is secured in position to the other casing parts by thebolts 11. lV hen the sides are bolted together their internal hub ends28 abut against the outer sides of the end rotors of the set and preventlateral movements thereof on the shaft. p

In Figs. Z3, -Ll, 5 and 7, in which a slightly diiterent form of myinvention is shown, 2f), 2t) designate the side walls of the casing; 30the shaft journaled therein; 31 the ring or peripheral portion of the.casing which connects the sides and is secured thereto by screws Si),and S3 designates the rotor. lIhis rotor, if two sets of blades areemployed, comprises the two outer disk members 3st, 34, and theinterposed disk member 35, which are spaced apart and faced on theircontiguous sides with disks 36 of sheet metal.` The disks 36 arepreferably made as large as the disks 3st and B5, except for theprovision of annular llangcs at the edges of said latter disks, whichflanges embrace the edges of the sheet metal disks, as shown 37 in Fie.5. stantially the same in construction as the blades of the other formIexcept that in lieu of the wings 20 the blades are formed with lugs orears 39 adapted to tit into registering slots Ll() (Fig. 3) in the sheetmetal disks 3G and to have their ends riveted orupset to prevent\\'ithdrawal. The slots 40 are annularly arranged around the disks 36near their edges and are diagonally disposed the same as in the Jformfirst described. The several disks composing the rotor 33 with Theblades 38 of the rotor are sub' the interposed blades are securedtogether by bolts 41. members 34- and 35 is to strengthen thesheetmetaldisks against the lateral pressure o steam within the rotor.

It is preferable, with both forms of blades shown, to longitudinallytaper the body portions threof from their hooked ends outwardly, asshown in Fig. 7, to make the spaces between the blades of substantiallythe same thickness from one end to the otherV thereof, as otherwise suchspaces narrow from their outer ends inwardly.

#t2 designates the nozzles, which lead from annular chests in the-sides29. In this construction the blades i6 of the two" sets are shownasbeing reversely arranged so that'when steam is ejected against one setof blades the rotor will be driven in the reverse direction to what it.will when the steam is ejected' againstthe other set. Y A l It is apparcntthat I have provi-ded a turbine of simple, cheap and' lightconstruction,

and one that may bev easily' and quickly as- The only purpose of thedisk f lic sembled, disassembled or repaired, and which ma)v7 also hereadily enlarged as occasion or demand may require. It has beendem0nstrated with the torni of blades shown and the manner of arranging'them in the rotor that the rotor responds instantly to the action of thesteam thereon when starting', and that the entire energy of the steam iseX- peuded on the bla-des due to Ithe decided hooked form thereof. i

I Wish it understood thatl my invention is not limited-to any specificconstrmttion orv arrangement of the parts except in so lar as suchlimitationsI are specified in the claims.

Haring thus described my invention, what l claim as ne and desire tosecure byfLettere Patent, is,-

1. ln a turbine, a rotor comprising lsheet metal disks. blades securedbetween such disks, and reinforcing members for such disks.

In a turbine, a rotor comprising spaced sheet metal disks, bladeslsecured to and spacing such disks, and strengthening members embracinglthe outer sides of the disks and formingr the rotor hub, and means Se-3. In a turbine. a rotor comprising' spaced disk members, sheet metal'acine's for the inner sides. ol. such meml'iers, and blades secured tosaid facings.

1. In a turbine a rotor comprising` spaced disk members, sheet metal'facings for the inner Sides ot said members, said facings beingprovided with annular sets: ot' Slots, blades secured between saidt'acing's and haring lugs fitting into said slots, and means forsecuring said parts together.

5. ln a reversible turbine, a rotor comprising a center disk, end disksspaced there from, sheet inetal-taeings t'or the contiguous sides otsaid disks, said facinlejs havingopposed annular rows ot' slots, annularsets ot blades secured between the contiguous faeings and having lugssecured in the slotsl thereot, the blades` ot each set being: rererselyarranged, and ,jets for directing an actuating' fluid against saidblades.

ln testimony whereof l have hereunto signed my name to thisspecification in the presence ot two subscribing witnesses.

Wit nesses:

linnen Owen, llkznr, i. 'Ilirrr'n

